字節申請“刀盾狗”“草地牛”等著作權，這些表情包還能用嗎？

近日，“字節申請熱門網絡梗著作權”等話題登上微博熱搜，引發網友熱議。

As artificial intelligence companies race to secure data for training their AI models, ByteDance has found itself at the center of a copyright debate after applying to register dozens of widely used internet memes, raising questions about ownership, fair use, and AI development.

中國版權保護中心官網顯示，北京字跳網絡技術有限公司集中登記了數十個網絡熱門表情包的美術著作權，包含二次元二創熱門形象“咕咕嘎嘎”、爆款魔性梗圖“我的刀盾”、高人氣表情包“香蕉貓”等大眾熟知的素材。

According to the Copyright Protection Center of China, ByteDance has applied for copyright registration for a number of popular memes, such as the well-known "Gugu Gaga" character, the viral "Daodun Dog" illustration and the much-loved "Banana Cat", all of which have circulated widely across Chinese social media.

據北京日報，一位業內人士表示，這可能與該公司對AI視頻生成等大模型進行訓練有關。這些模型需要海量素材進行訓練和商用，而“咕咕嘎嘎”“草地牛”這類在全網廣泛傳播的虛擬形象，就是訓練素材的優質來源。提前完成著作權登記，可以規避潛在的版權風險。

An industry insider told Beijing Daily that the move is likely related to the company's development of large AI models, including video generation tools. These models require vast amounts of training data for development and commercial applications. Popular memes, already widely shared online, provide valuable training data. Registering copyrights in advance could also help reduce potential legal risks.

目前，字節跳動并未對外公布這批登記形象的商用、非商用使用規則以及具體目的。

“咕咕嘎嘎”

“刀盾狗”

“草地牛”

“香蕉貓”

以后還能用這些表情包嗎？

此事引發網友熱議。有網友認為，這些表情包、梗形象最早火起來全靠游戲玩家和網友自發二創分享，和字節毫無關聯。

還有網友提出擔憂，這些網絡熱梗圖等被登記后，在聊天、剪視頻、做二創時，還能不能使用這些素材？

北京常鴻律師事務所主任常衛東表示，我國著作權實行自愿登記制度，版權保護中心僅進行形式審查，不審查申請人是否為真實原創作者，且網絡梗難以追溯到原創人員，因此單從行政流程來看，北京字跳網絡技術有限公司屬于合法登記行為。

Chang Weidong, director of Beijing Changhong Law Firm, noted that China operates a voluntary copyright registration system. The Copyright Protection Center conducts only a formal examination and does not determine whether an applicant is the true copyright owner or original creator. Given that the original creators of many internet memes are difficult to identify, ByteDance's applications appear procedurally valid under the current system.

常衛東同時表示，登記著作權并不意味著這些“梗圖”被“獨占”，“私信聊天發梗圖、朋友圈配圖、評論區玩表情、個人收藏轉發等屬于《中華人民共和國著作權法》里的合理使用范疇，非營利、無直接收益、不擠占商業開發市場，不應構成侵權。”同時，個人UP主剪輯的日常向二創短視頻，如果純非營利、無帶貨無引流，一般仍在合理使用邊緣。

However, Chang stressed that obtaining copyright registration does not mean the company has "monopolized" these memes. Ordinary personal uses, such as sending memes in private chats, sharing them on WeChat Moments, posting them in comment sections or saving them for personal use, generally fall within the scope of fair use under China's Copyright Law, provided the use is non-commercial, generates no direct revenue, and does not interfere with the commercial exploitation of the work.

He added that amateur content creators who create or edit meme-based videos for non-commercial purposes, without product promotion or monetization, would also generally fall within the bounds of fair use.

但如果用于商用營利場景，如自媒體帶貨、商家品牌宣傳、商業短視頻制作、廣告引流、付費內容創作等，依托熱梗形象直接或間接獲取經濟利益的使用行為，超出合理使用范疇，未經授權即構成著作權侵權。

需要提醒的是，如果使用者刻意丑化、歪曲表情包形象，破壞作品完整權，相關權利人可就著作人身權主張維權。

來源：中國青年報綜合北京日報、都市現場、正在新聞

跟著China Daily

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