微波爐這樣熱菜，“微塑料”數(shù)量飆升125倍！

你有沒有這樣的習(xí)慣，為了圖省事，把帶著塑料盒的飯菜直接放進(jìn)微波爐熱？

浙江大學(xué)一項(xiàng)研究指出：用微波爐加熱帶油的塑料盒釋放出的微塑料數(shù)量，直接飆升到正常情況下的125倍。

Do you often reheat leftovers straight from the takeout box without transferring them to a plate or bowl? A new study suggests you might want to think twice.

微波爐加熱帶油的塑料盒

微塑料釋放飆升125倍

今年3月，浙江大學(xué)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)在國(guó)際期刊《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，把帶油的塑料外賣盒放進(jìn)微波爐加熱3分鐘，釋放出的微塑料數(shù)量，直接飆升到只裝水加熱時(shí)的125倍。

Researchers at Zhejiang University found that microwaving oily food in plastic containers can dramatically increase the release of microplastics. In a study published in March in Science Advances, the team reported that heating an oily meal in a plastic takeout box for just three minutes released 125 times more microplastics than heating water in the same container.

為了更貼近真實(shí)的生活場(chǎng)景，研究人員買了最常用的聚丙烯PP、聚乙烯PE的塑料盒，模擬加熱外賣的場(chǎng)景：一組餐盒裝大豆油，模擬油膩飯菜，另一組裝水作為對(duì)照。用800瓦的微波爐分別加熱1、3、5分鐘，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果出乎意料：

▌聚丙烯PP材質(zhì)的盒子加熱油脂3分鐘，微塑料釋放量是裝水加熱的29倍。

▌聚乙烯PE材質(zhì)的盒子，微塑料釋放量直接飆升到125倍。

除了微塑料，重金屬釋放同樣出乎意料。加熱后，油脂中的銅、鉛、鋅含量，分別比水中高出309倍、147倍、80倍。

But it's not just microplastics. Heavy metals were also found to leach into the food. After heating, the levels of copper, lead and zinc in the oil-based food were 309, 147 and 80 times higher, respectively, than those detected in water-heated samples.

這些微塑料本就容易進(jìn)入人體組織、穿透細(xì)胞，再加上被油脂包裹，毒性會(huì)更高，會(huì)直接破壞細(xì)胞膜，損傷腸道。

These microplastic particles are small enough to penetrate human tissues and cross cellular barriers. When coated with oils and fats — as often happens when reheating greasy leftovers — they may become more biologically active, making them more likely to disrupt cell membranes and damage the intestinal lining.

微塑料進(jìn)入人體后

會(huì)發(fā)生什么？

▌升高癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

2024年，河南省腫瘤醫(yī)院腫瘤防治研究辦公室主任張韶凱團(tuán)隊(duì)在《有害材料雜志》期刊上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在人體骨髓樣本中均發(fā)現(xiàn)含有微塑料。微納米塑料存在于人體的骨髓中，可能是血液腫瘤發(fā)生的又一重要危險(xiǎn)因素。

▌損傷大腦功能

一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，癡呆癥患者的大腦樣本中微塑料濃度顯著高于正常腦組織。研究人員推測(cè)，微塑料可能通過穿透血腦屏障直接進(jìn)入大腦，對(duì)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞造成損傷和功能障礙。

Once inside the body, microplastics may accumulate in organs such as the brain, heart and intestines, potentially increasing the risk of various diseases.

One study found significantly higher concentrations of microplastics in brain samples from people with dementia than in healthy brain tissue. Researchers suggest that microplastics may be able to cross the blood-brain barrier and directly damage nerve cells.

▌增加心臟病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

2024年，國(guó)際期刊《心臟病學(xué)研究綜述》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，微塑料和納米塑料已經(jīng)侵入頸動(dòng)脈組織中，增加了心臟病、中風(fēng)和死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。與那些動(dòng)脈中沒有檢測(cè)到微塑料和納米塑料的人相比，檢測(cè)到這些塑料的人在未來(lái)34個(gè)月的隨訪中，發(fā)生心臟病、中風(fēng)或全因死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高出4.53倍。

Another study, published in 2024 in Cardiology Research Reviews, detected micro- and nanoplastics in carotid artery tissue. Over a 34-month follow-up period, participants with detectable levels of these particles were 4.53 times more likely to experience a major cardiovascular event or die from any cause than those without them.

▌增加腦血栓風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

2025年，在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》期刊上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)，微塑料顆粒會(huì)被免疫細(xì)胞吞噬，通過血液流動(dòng)，最終停留在大腦的血管中，從而造成細(xì)胞阻塞、誘導(dǎo)腦血栓，并導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)行為異常。

▌增加腸道疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

2021年發(fā)表在國(guó)際期刊《環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù)》上的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，炎癥性腸病患者糞便微塑料水平明顯高于健康人。而且體內(nèi)的微塑料含量過高，可能會(huì)加劇腸道炎性反應(yīng)，誘發(fā)腹瀉、腹痛甚至直腸出血。

A 2021 study published in Environmental Science & Technology also found significantly higher levels of microplastics in the feces of patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in healthy individuals. Excessive exposure to microplastics may also worsen intestinal inflammation, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain and even rectal bleeding.

如何減少微塑料攝入？

①減少塑料使用

特別是一次性塑料制品，盡量使用玻璃、木質(zhì)、陶瓷或不銹鋼等材質(zhì)的物品進(jìn)行替代。

Choose reusable alternatives. Whenever possible, replace single-use plastics with glass, ceramic, stainless steel or wooden products.

② 避免高溫使用塑料產(chǎn)品

如高溫下的塑料瓶裝水、微波爐加熱的塑料飯盒等，應(yīng)盡量避免，以防止有毒有害物質(zhì)的釋放。

③ 加熱飯菜盡量用玻璃/陶瓷碗

絕大多數(shù)普通塑料容器，如外賣盒、保鮮盒、保鮮膜等，在微波爐高溫下會(huì)加速變形、分解，這個(gè)過程會(huì)釋放大量微塑料和化學(xué)物質(zhì)到食物中。即使是標(biāo)有“微波爐適用”的塑料，長(zhǎng)期或高溫使用也存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。油性、酸性食物更容易促進(jìn)塑料成分遷移。

Reheat food in glass or ceramic containers. Most plastic containers — including takeout boxes, food storage containers and plastic wrap — can warp or degrade when exposed to high microwave temperatures, releasing microplastics and other chemicals into food. Even products labeled "microwave-safe" may release small amounts over time, particularly when repeatedly used to heat oily or acidic foods.

④ 吃海鮮時(shí)盡量不吃動(dòng)物內(nèi)臟

微塑料會(huì)通過海洋環(huán)境進(jìn)入海洋生物體內(nèi)，在腸道、肝臟等內(nèi)臟組織中的微塑料含量較高。因此，吃海鮮等海產(chǎn)品時(shí)，建議提前去除這些內(nèi)臟部位，減少微塑料攝入。

⑤ 喝茶盡量不用塑料材質(zhì)的茶包

日常泡茶時(shí)，要盡量避免購(gòu)買和使用塑料材質(zhì)的茶包，優(yōu)先選擇散茶或使用不銹鋼、玻璃材質(zhì)的茶濾網(wǎng)。

來(lái)源：央視新聞微信公眾號(hào)綜合科普中國(guó)、CCTV生活圈

跟著China Daily

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