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這是 一直夫婦 的第 703 篇文章
本文 3465 字,預(yù)計(jì)閱讀 7min
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生氣是一種常見的情緒表達(dá)。有些人令人如沐春風(fēng),有些人卻容易火山爆發(fā)。在職場中,經(jīng)常發(fā)脾氣有利還是有弊呢?下面我們來最新一期《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》的文章。
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Its destructive side is obvious. Furious people are not much fun to work with, and less fun to work for. A short-fused boss is likely to instil fear among employees and to discourage people from speaking up. Anger can also engender poor performance. Anyone who has ever been riled by a rude email or uncivil colleagues knows how in such circumstances suddenly nothing else matters. Every spare bit of cognitive power is redirected to thinking of devastating put-downs from which the offender will never recover; other tasks can wait.
整段譯文:生氣的破壞性顯而易見。跟暴脾氣的人一起工作并不好玩,為暴脾氣而工作就更不好玩了。暴躁的老板很可能會(huì)讓員工們心生恐懼,使他們不敢直言不諱。憤怒也會(huì)導(dǎo)致工作表現(xiàn)不佳。任何一個(gè)曾被粗魯?shù)碾娮余]件或不禮貌的同事所激怒的人都知道,在這種情況下,其他事情突然變得無足輕重。所有剩余的認(rèn)知能力都會(huì)被重新分配,用來思考那些讓冒犯者一蹶不振的毀滅性謾罵,至于其他任務(wù),可以等。
有哪些形容人「生氣的」花樣表達(dá)?
01 furious
表示 very angry「狂怒的,暴怒的」。
She was furious with herself for letting things get out of hand.
她生自己的氣,怪自己把事情搞得不可收拾。
02 infuriated
派生自動(dòng)詞 infuriate,表示 to make sb extremely angry 「使大怒,激怒」。
The sales clerk was being shouted at by an infuriated customer.
一名憤怒的顧客沖著售貨員大吼。
03 in a rage
rage 作名詞時(shí),常表示 a strong feeling of uncontrollable anger「盛怒,狂怒」。常和 in 搭配使用,即 in a rage。
Sam became quite frightening when he was in a rage.
山姆發(fā)火的時(shí)候很嚇人。
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04 rile
rile 是動(dòng)詞,表示 to make someone extremely angry「激怒,使非常生氣」。在本段中有出現(xiàn)。
He was the calmest guy I ever knew – nothing ever riled him.
他是我認(rèn)識(shí)的最冷靜的人 — 沒有什么事能讓他生氣。
fuse
六級 + 考研詞匯
fuse 作名詞有「導(dǎo)火索」的意思。導(dǎo)火索易燃易爆炸,所以作動(dòng)詞的 fuse 有「熔化」之義。如果我們兩只手分別拿的不是物品,而是文化、思想,把它們?nèi)刍瘯?huì)怎么樣呢?文化、思想「融合」在了一起,也就是 to combine different qualities, ideas, or things, or to be combined。這個(gè)引申義是不是牢牢地種在腦瓜里啦?
Dreams and reality fuse in her latest film.
在她的最新影片中,夢想和現(xiàn)實(shí)融合在一起。
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再來看 2012 年英二考研閱讀中的一個(gè)句子。其中 intrinsically 也是考研詞匯,表示「本身地,內(nèi)在地」。
It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls' identity to appearance.
并不是粉色本身不好,而是它只是七色彩虹中的一小道而已。粉色雖在某種程度上贊美了少女時(shí)代 ,但也一而再將女孩的特質(zhì)與外表牢牢地融合在一起 。
short-fused
have a short fuse 是固定搭配,意思是 to have a tendency to get angry quickly and easily「脾氣火爆,性情暴躁」。如果有人動(dòng)不動(dòng)就發(fā)火,就可以用上這個(gè)短語。由此衍生出 short-fused 這個(gè)形容詞,相當(dāng)于 bad-tempered。《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》的另一篇不是講員工發(fā)脾氣,而是老板。
Celebrity bosses used to have nicknames that made a virtue of short fuses and brutality.
從前名人老板們的那些綽號(hào)讓脾氣急躁和性情暴虐聽起來都像是什么美德似的。
02
In one paper on the effects of rudeness on medical professionals, Arieh Riskin of Bnai Zion Medical Centre in Haifa and his co-authors describe a training exercise in which teams of Israeli physicians and nurses treated a mannequin of a baby. The teams were joined by someone billed as a visiting expert from America, who offered studiously neutral comments to some groups and made unprompted and disparaging remarks about the quality of medical care in Israel to others. The teams that had suffered rudeness performed significantly worse.
整段譯文:在一篇論述粗魯對待醫(yī)療專業(yè)人員影響的論文中,來自海法 Bnai Zion 醫(yī)療中心的 Arieh Riskin 及合著者描述了一次培訓(xùn)活動(dòng),幾組以色列醫(yī)生和護(hù)士對一個(gè)嬰兒模型在進(jìn)行治療。一位據(jù)介紹是美國來訪專家的人加入了這些小組,針對其中一些小組,他的評論刻意保持中立,而針對另一些小組,他卻主動(dòng)發(fā)表了貶低以色列醫(yī)療質(zhì)量的言論。這些受到無禮對待的小組表現(xiàn)顯著更差。
Haifa
海法是以色列北部的港口城市,西瀕地中海,是以色列第三大城市,僅次于西耶路撒冷和特拉維夫。
mannequin /?m?n?k?n/
指的是商店中用于陳列服裝的「人體模型」,行話叫「人臺(tái)」;醫(yī)療或藝術(shù)教學(xué)用的人體模型多用 manikin。另外也指「時(shí)裝模特」,類似 model。對非醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)的同學(xué)來說,這個(gè)詞隨便一看,不需要過腦子。
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be billed as …
考研詞匯
bill 這個(gè)單詞很有意思,既是「賬單」,也是付賬單的「美元」。不過,它也可以作動(dòng)詞,表示 to advertise or describe something in a particular way「把某物宣傳為......」,常用于被動(dòng),構(gòu)成 be billed as sth。下面我們來看 2021 年英二完形填空中的一句話。
Airlines have simply changed the time a trip is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.
航空公司修改了一下旅程所需的時(shí)間,一個(gè)小時(shí)的航程現(xiàn)在被宣傳成兩個(gè)小時(shí)。
studiously
這個(gè)副詞的意思是 in a way that is carefully planned and deliberate「刻意地,成心地」,相當(dāng)于 intentionally, deliberately 等。
He studiously avoided answering the question.
他刻意不去回答那個(gè)問題。
家族成員:studious
形容詞是 studious,形容人 spending a lot of time studying and reading「勤奮的,用功的」。所以想描述年輕人勤奮,我們可以用 a studious young man 來代替用了很多遍的 a diligent young man。區(qū)別在于,前者在外刊中的使用頻率較低,但也不是那種平時(shí)寫作、口語根本不會(huì)用到的老詞。在去年一則有關(guān)霉霉的新聞中,標(biāo)題就有 studious。
By getting involved in their community discussions you can surround yourself with highly driven and studious peers.
通過參與他們的群體討論,你可以置身于充滿干勁和勤奮的同伴之中。
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unprompted
去掉前綴 un- 和后綴 -ed,prompt 露出了雞腳。這是一個(gè)四級 + 考研詞匯,用來表示 to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen「引起,促使」。前不久在我們剛跟它打過照面。
This examination confirmed the presence of academic misconduct, prompting the university to take immediate action.
在收到學(xué)生對一名黃姓教師的指控后,學(xué)校進(jìn)行了初步調(diào)查。這次調(diào)查證實(shí)了學(xué)術(shù)不端行為的存在,促使校方立即采取行動(dòng)。
由此可見,unprompted 應(yīng)該是「不被引起的」意思。什么是不被引起?自發(fā)的行為就不需要其他外界因素來刺激。所以這個(gè)形容詞的意思是 said or done without anyone asking you to「主動(dòng)的,自發(fā)的」。
Quite unprompted, Sam started telling us exactly what hadhappened that night.
山姆此舉完全出是自發(fā)行為,他開始把那天夜里發(fā)生的事一一向我們說了出來。
disparaging
這個(gè)形容詞派生自動(dòng)詞 disparage,表示 to suggest that sb / sth is not important or valuable「貶低,輕視」。飯圈常見的「拉踩」是指贊美甲,抨擊乙,所以我們可以譯為praise A by disparaging B。
作為形容詞,disparaging 自然就是「貶低的,抨擊的」。比如,disparaging remarks / comments 是指「貶損的言論」。這個(gè)表達(dá)在 2002 年的考研閱讀中出現(xiàn)過。
With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman.
而對于其他聽眾,你千萬不要試圖插入這類幽默,因?yàn)樗麄儠?huì)反感一個(gè)局外人對他們的食堂或領(lǐng)導(dǎo)發(fā)表貶損評論。
03
Anger can have a galvanising effect in specific circumstances. A study by Barry Staw of the University of California, Berkeley, and his co-authors analysed half-time team talks by college and high-school basketball coaches in America, and found that expressions of negative emotions such as anger and disappointment were associated with better second-half outcomes—up to a point. When coaches reached the bulging-eyeballs stage, rage started to have the opposite effect.
整段譯文:在特定情景下,憤怒也能產(chǎn)生激勵(lì)作用。加利福尼亞大學(xué)伯克利分校的巴里 · 斯托(Barry Staw)及其合著者的一項(xiàng)研究分析了美國大學(xué)和高中籃球教練在中場休息時(shí)的團(tuán)隊(duì)談話。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),憤怒和失望等負(fù)面情緒的表達(dá)與下半場更好的結(jié)果有關(guān),但僅限于一定程度。當(dāng)教練們到了怒不可遏的階段,憤怒開始產(chǎn)生相反的效果。
half-time
one time 是一次,所以 half time 是「半次」?half time 指的是「中場休息時(shí)間」。與之相對的是 full-time 「終場」。
The score was tied at halftime.
中場休息時(shí),雙方戰(zhàn)平。
galvanising
派生自動(dòng)詞 galvanize,意思為 to make sb take action by shocking them or by making them excited「使振奮,激勵(lì)」。類似 encourage, motivate, inspire 等。所以 galvanising 意思是「令人為之一振的」。雖然四六級、考研等考試沒考過這個(gè)詞,但是外刊挺常用。話都說到這兒了,不上個(gè)外刊例句說不過去,《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》走一個(gè)。
A push by Latin American central banks to promote QR-style digital payments could galvanise fintech platforms in Latin America, such as Mercado Pago.
拉美各國央行推行二維碼式數(shù)字支付,可能會(huì)促進(jìn) Mercado Pago 這類金融科技平臺(tái)的發(fā)展。
up to a point
表示「在一定程度上」,相當(dāng)于 partly, in part, to some degree, to a certain extent。2015 年 12 月六級聽力用過該短語。
With money and careful planning, we can boost efficiency up to a point.
利用資金和精心規(guī)劃,我們可以在一定程度上提高效率。
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bulging-eyeballs
bulge 常表示「凸起,鼓起部分」。生氣時(shí),有些人的眼睛會(huì)鼓起來,在漢語中,有個(gè)詞來形容這種狀態(tài):鼓睛暴眼。英語的 bulging-eyeballs 與之類似,指「眼睛突出的」。文中 reached the bulging-eyeballs stage 字面意思是「到了眼球突出的階段」,我們可意譯為「到了怒不可遏的階段」,讓文意更加清楚。 ?
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