走出貴州大山的他們，生活變好了嗎？

每逢趕集日，47歲的楊安順開的理發店就格外忙碌。店面不大，小到有時等候顧客只能坐在門口的臺階上，一邊閑聊，一邊耐心等著輪到自己。

On market days, 47-year-old Yang Anshun's barbershop is always full. The space is so small that customers waiting for their turn often end up on the steps outside, chatting until a chair is free.

楊安順個頭不高，皮膚略黑，身材瘦削，發型像大部分理發師一樣精致。

Yang is short, lean, and slightly swarthy. His hair is neatly trimmed, and he wears brown leather shoes — a barber who takes pride in his appearance.

楊安順在理發店為顧客理發。劉伯千 攝

農歷逢四逢九，是當地固定的趕集日。基礎理發只收10塊，加上趕集日的客流，讓楊安順的店總是忙個不停。他的理發店位于從江縣最大的易地搬遷安置社區——貴運社區。

When the township hosts its regular fairs on dates ending in "4" or "9" on the Chinese calendar, his barbershop barely has a quiet moment. A haircut costs only 10 yuan ($1.47), but the steady flow of customers keeps business ticking along. His shop is in Guiyun, the largest relocation community in Congjiang county.

貴運可以說是一個“超級社區”。據當地政府介紹，貴運社區占地251畝，共搬遷6625人，社區內有兩所幼兒園、一所小學，全縣最大的高中也在1公里范圍內。

Guiyun has become a kind of super community. According to local authorities, it covers about 16.73 hectares and has resettled 6,625 people. The community has two kindergartens and one primary school, while the county's largest high school is within 1 km.

整齊的樓房依次排開，中間散布著居民廣場和休閑設施，以及鎮上最大的農貿市場。這里的居民來自縣里的不同村寨，許多人原先生活在交通不便、土地貧瘠的山區。

Neat apartment blocks line the area alongside public squares, leisure facilities, and the town's biggest market. The residents come from villages scattered across the county, many of them from steep mountain areas with winding roads and barren land.

在貴州省從江縣銀新社區，象棋友誼賽的獲勝者領到了鴨子和豬腳作為獎勵。

如今，楊安順已經成了小老板，在當地開了兩家理發店，還有兩輛由三輪車改造的移動理發車。“我現在一個月掙4000元左右，心思活絡，總得多做點小生意。”他說，“我只收10塊，也是想著大家掙錢都不容易。”

Yang runs two barbershops in the area and owns two mobile barber carts converted from three-wheel vehicles. Yang said he makes about 4,000 yuan a month. "I have to stay busy, and I run a few small businesses," he said. "I charge only 10 yuan because I know it is not easy for everyone to earn money."

來自往洞鎮的石老布也是一名搬遷戶，老家離這里大約有三個小時的摩托車路程。她在當地市場承包了一個小攤，專門賣蔬菜。“以前，不是賣蔬菜收入低，而是根本沒地方可賣。在家里種糧食和蔬菜，只能自己吃掉。”石老布說。現在，她不用再種地，進貨、賣菜，就能獲得一筆可觀的收入。

Shi Laobu, from Wangdong township, is another relocated resident. Her hometown is about a three-hour motorcycle ride away.

She runs a small vegetable stall in the local market. "It was not that selling vegetables brought in too little money before," she said. "It was that there was nowhere to sell them. At home, we grew rice and vegetables, but we could only eat them ourselves."

She no longer has to farm full time. By buying and selling vegetables, she earns a modest but steady income.

不過，對石老布來說，搬來這里最大的好處，并不是每天賣菜賺的一兩百元，而是這里更方便的教育資源。

Shi said the biggest change is not the 100 or 200 yuan she makes each day at the stall, but easier access to education.

和許多母親一樣，她最看重的是孩子上學的便利。她家有三個孩子，都在距離市場僅500米左右的小學讀書。“住也在這里，孩子上學也在這里，賺錢也在這里，什么事都能在家門口完成。”石老布說。

Like many mothers in the community, she values convenient schooling above all else. She has three children, all attending a primary school about 500 meters from the market. "We live here, the children go to school here, and we make money here,” she said. "Everything can be done right at our doorstep."

從江位于貴州省南部，與廣西接壤，山地面積占總面積九成以上，最大高差達700至800米，分布著大量地處偏遠、交通不便、土地貧瘠的村落。

Congjiang lies in southern Guizhou, on the border with the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. More than 90 percent of its land is mountainous, with elevation differences of up to 700 and 800 meters. Many villages are isolated, difficult to reach, and built on barren land.

在當地干部口中，“一方水土養不活一方人”是最常聽到的一句話，也是易地搬遷政策落地的原因。

Local officials often sell the need for relocation with a simple idea: a single piece of land cannot sustain the people on it.

貴州省生態移民局黨組書記、局長彭錦斌說，作為全國易地搬遷規模最大、城鎮化集中安置比例最高的省份，貴州“十三五”時期累計搬遷192萬人，約占全國總規模的16.4%，其中95.3%實現城鎮化安置。

Peng Jinbin, director of the provincial ecological migration bureau, said Guizhou carried out the country's largest relocation campaign. During the 13th Five-Year Plan (2016-20) period, the province moved 1.92 million people, about 16.4 percent of the national total, with 95.3 percent of them resettled in urban areas.

記者：劉伯千 楊軍

編輯：夏夢晨

實習生：周芮萱

跟著China Daily

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