非絕熱理論、鈉離子電池、多體系量子計算、強透引力透鏡 | 本周物理講座

1

報告人：Professor George Sawatzky, Quantum Mater Institute University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

時間：6月2日（周二）10:00

單位：中國科學(xué)院物理研究所

地點：D樓210報告廳

摘要:

George Sawatzky is a Canadian physicist known for pioneering work on strongly correlated electron systems. He co-developed the Cini-Sawatzky theory of the Auger effect and the Zaanen-Sawatzky-Allen (ZSA) bandgap classification. A professor at the University of British Columbia, he has received the Spinoza Prize, the Henry Marshall Tory Medal, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society (London) and the Royal Society of Canada.

報告人簡介:

3d transition metal and rare earth compounds continuously reveal exotic properties like high-temperature superconductivity, hard magnets, ion batteries, large thermoelectric effects, dissipationless spin transport, altermagnets, and topological insulators. I will explain why these elements retain much atomic character in solids, leading to strong electron correlations that challenge our understanding of electronic, magnetic, and crystallographic structures. Focusing on Cu and Ni oxides (including high-Tc superconductors), I will use exact diagonalization of small clusters and hybrid density functional theory to show strong spin-charge-lattice interplay. This also leads to a new electron-boson coupling, where bosons are local singlet-triplet excitations distinct from conventional magnons.

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報告人：陳浩然，華盛頓大學(xué)

時間：6月2日（周二）10:00

單位：中國科學(xué)院理論物理研究所

騰訊會議:635-161-930

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報告人：Robin Fynn Diedrichs，University of Hannover

時間：6月2日（周二）14:00

單位：中國科學(xué)院理論物理研究所

地點：南樓6620

MeetingID：81717484589

Passcode：594774

摘要:

Theories beyond General Relativity typically contain at least one additional scalar degree of freedom, effectively mediating an additional force. While this force must be highly suppressed in low-density environments to pass current constraints, it generically leads to deviations from General Relativity in high-density / high-curvature environments, such as neutron stars and black holes, and thus impacts their observables. I will discuss how binary systems in theories that feature such a fifth force can be treated using an effective field theory approach and present results regarding observables such as the power loss and the gravitational wave signal.

報告人簡介:

Robin Fynn Diedrichs is currently a postdoctoral fellow at Leibniz University Hannover, Germany. His research focuses on analytical modeling of gravitational waves from compact binaries in modified gravity using effective field theories. From 2021 to 2026, he carried out his doctoral research at Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany, with a thesis entitled “Impact of Dark Matter and Modified Gravity on Compact Binary Systems”.

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報告人：梁之鼎，香港中文大學(xué)

時間：6月2日（周二）15:00

單位：中國科學(xué)院計算技術(shù)研究所

鏈接：

摘要:

本報告從跨層系統(tǒng)視角出發(fā)，探討面向容錯量子計算（FTQC）的編譯與校準問題。不同于經(jīng)典計算，量子程序的編譯策略與底層物理噪聲高度耦合，電路深度、執(zhí)行時長以及兩比特門保真度直接決定算法能否成功運行。當前量子硬件普遍面臨相干時間受限、器件非均勻性顯著以及誤差隨時間漂移等挑戰(zhàn)，使得傳統(tǒng)“硬件或算法單點優(yōu)化”的思路難以支撐大規(guī)模可靠計算。針對這些問題，報告針對超導(dǎo)量子比特，光量子以及中性原子量子比特三種不同體系進行編譯和架構(gòu)介紹，并且通過利用量子器件的物理特性與拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)，分別實現(xiàn)量子軟硬件協(xié)同設(shè)計。

報告人簡介:

梁之鼎現(xiàn)任香港中文大學(xué)計算機科學(xué)與工程系助理教授。他曾于2024年至2025年在倫斯勒理工學(xué)院計算機科學(xué)系擔任助理教授，并于2024年獲得圣母大學(xué)博士學(xué)位，于2020年獲得威斯康辛大學(xué)麥迪遜分校學(xué)士學(xué)位。他的研究成果已發(fā)表在多個國際頂級會議和期刊上，包括ISCA、HPCA、DAC、SIGMETRICS、ICCAD、NeurIPS、QCE，以及npj drug discovery，TCAD、TSG、TQE和TVCG等。他曾兩次（2021年與2022年）入選DAC Young Fellow，并于2025年入選ML and Systems Rising Star。此外，他還曾獲提名圣母大學(xué)IDEA Center的Edison Innovation Fellowship。他長期致力于量子計算教育與社區(qū)建設(shè)，是Quantum Computer System（QuCS）Lecture Series的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人，該系列講座在全球量子計算社區(qū)具有廣泛影響力。他還是TorchQuantum開源庫的主要貢獻者之一，該項目已被納入IBM Qiskit生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和PyTorch生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，并在GitHub上獲得超過1.6K的星標。他也曾主持了NSF（美國國家自然基金）量子計算相關(guān)項目及IBM研究項目。

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報告人：李國亮，紫金山天文臺

時間：6月2日（周二）16:00

單位：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)　天文學(xué)系

鏈接：

摘要:

自1979年首例強引力透鏡系統(tǒng)在天文觀測中被證實以來，迄今已累計發(fā)現(xiàn)上萬例星系-星系強引力透鏡事件和約2萬例銀河系內(nèi)的微引力透鏡事件。隨著觀測數(shù)據(jù)的累積和觀測設(shè)備性能的提升，一類新的透鏡現(xiàn)象正在引起天文學(xué)家的重視，即：強透鏡環(huán)境下的微透鏡效應(yīng)。當被強透鏡的背景近似為點源（比如高紅移恒星、超新星、快速射電暴、引力波源等）時，透鏡星系/星系團內(nèi)的彌散恒星的微透鏡效應(yīng)變得顯著，并產(chǎn)生多種可觀測特征，為天文學(xué)研究打開了新窗口。本報告將介紹其原理并匯總一些當前的觀測進展。

報告人簡介:

李國亮，紫金山天文臺“宇宙結(jié)構(gòu)與巡天大數(shù)據(jù)團組”首席研究員、博士生導(dǎo)師。1999年畢業(yè)于蘭州大學(xué)物理系，2006年獲得中科院研究生院理學(xué)博士學(xué)位。2007-2011年先后在德國波恩大學(xué)、美國普渡大學(xué)任洪堡學(xué)者及博士后，2012年通過“院百人計劃”項目回國工作。其主要研究領(lǐng)域包括：引力透鏡理論和模擬、宇宙學(xué)、數(shù)值計算以及圖像處理等。入職以來，主持基金委聯(lián)合重點項目和重點項目各1項，面上項目2項。近年來主要參與中國空間站工程光學(xué)巡天望遠鏡工作，負責實施CSST的主巡天相機觀測仿真、組織CSST二批科學(xué)研究課題等任務(wù)。

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報告人：Prof. Hui-Ke Jin，ShanghaiTech University

時間：6月3日（周三）10:00

單位：中國科學(xué)院物理研究所

地點： Room M830

摘要：

Moire transition metal dichalcogenides have served as a versatile platform for simulating Hubbard physics. Recent experiments have identified robust superconductivity in moire bilayer WSe2 for certain twist angles. Here, we propose the gossamer nature of the superconductivity recently discovered at half-filling and zero displacement field in twisted WSe2.

By mapping the moire continuum system to an effective extended single-orbital Hubbard model on the triangular lattice, we employ renormalized mean-field theory to investigate the strong-coupling phase diagram.

We find that a moderate Coulomb repulsion partially suppresses charge fluctuations while preserving a finite density of mobile doublons and holes. In this regime, the interplay between extended kinetic hoppings and antiferromagnetic superexchange stabilizes a chiral d+id superconducting phase.

Our results naturally account for the twist-angle-dependent evolution from a Mott insulator to a superconductor and eventually to a correlated metal. Furthermore, the model demonstrates that this half-filled pairing state vanishes rapidly upon density doping, consistent with experimental observations.

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報告人：Victor Despré，里昂第一大學(xué)

時間：6月3日（周三）15:00

單位：上海大學(xué)理學(xué)院

鏈接：

摘要:

阿秒物理學(xué)的問世，使得人們能夠觀測和操控發(fā)生在原子與分子電荷運動內(nèi)稟時間尺度內(nèi)的動力學(xué)過程。這為阿秒化學(xué)夢想的實現(xiàn)打開了大門，即通過對系統(tǒng)激發(fā)后最初瞬間發(fā)生的純電子動力學(xué)——電荷遷移——的操控來控制化學(xué)反應(yīng)。因此，分子體系中長壽命電子相干性的存在，是實現(xiàn)該目標的第一個關(guān)鍵前提。此外，理解導(dǎo)致相干性喪失或阻止其喪失的機制，對于阿秒化學(xué)的發(fā)展亦是必要的。本文將介紹阿秒電荷遷移中退相干與恢復(fù)的首次測量。該動力學(xué)過程發(fā)生在硅烷(SiH?)被紅外脈沖激發(fā)之后。文中將討論對電子和核自由度均作量子力學(xué)處理的模擬，正是這些模擬使得實驗結(jié)果得以被解釋。利用這些模擬，可以對相干性的行為以及相干性通過圓錐交叉得以保持的可能性作出合理解釋。實現(xiàn)阿秒化學(xué)的第二個關(guān)鍵前提是理解電荷遷移如何影響分子體系的反應(yīng)活性。最近，在腺嘌呤上進行的極紫外泵浦–紅外探測實驗在其雙陽離子信號中觀測到了低于3飛秒的延遲。利用多電子波包傳播計算，將展示該延遲源于分子關(guān)聯(lián)能帶區(qū)域中發(fā)生的關(guān)聯(lián)驅(qū)動電荷遷移，這一過程使體系趨于穩(wěn)定。該穩(wěn)定化源于所產(chǎn)生空穴的離域化，以及其特征從σ向π的轉(zhuǎn)變。所觀測到的動力學(xué)具有普適性，這使得關(guān)聯(lián)能帶成為探索阿秒化學(xué)所提供可能性的廣闊平臺。

報告人簡介:

Victor Despré博士，法國國家科學(xué)研究中心（CNRS）研究員，現(xiàn)任職于里昂第一大學(xué)（Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1）光與物質(zhì)研究所（Institut Lumière Matière, iLM）。他于2015年在里昂第一大學(xué)獲物理學(xué)博士學(xué)位，2016年至2022年在德國海德堡大學(xué)理論化學(xué)組從事博士后研究，受德意志研究聯(lián)合會（DFG）優(yōu)先項目連續(xù)兩期資助。2022年10月起，他入職CNRS擔任研究員（Chargé de Recherche）。

Despré博士的研究聚焦于阿秒科學(xué)、超快電子-核動力學(xué)、分子電荷遷移及光與物質(zhì)相互作用等前沿方向，致力于通過先進的理論方法與數(shù)值模擬揭示分子體系中的超快量子過程。他在人才培養(yǎng)方面經(jīng)驗豐富，已指導(dǎo)1名博士生（現(xiàn)為美國亞利桑那大學(xué)tenure-track助理教授）、9名碩士生及2名本科生。

在學(xué)術(shù)服務(wù)與榮譽方面，他于2025年當選為CNRS國家委員會第6學(xué)部（原子、分子與等離子體物理、光學(xué)與激光）委員并擔任科學(xué)秘書；曾獲法國CMOA頒發(fā)的QSCP promising scientist prize；并先后獲得CNRS啟動基金、DFG啟動基金及Fédération de Recherche André-Marie Ampère等資助。他同時擁有法國國家大學(xué)委員會三個學(xué)部（理論、物理與分析化學(xué)；稀薄介質(zhì)與光學(xué)；稠密介質(zhì)與材料）的副教授（ma?tre de conférences）任職資格。

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報告人：hengwei Jiang，Shanghai Jiao Tong university

時間：6月3日（周三）15:00

單位：北京大學(xué)物理學(xué)院

地點：西563會議室

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報告人：李福軍，南開大學(xué)

時間：6月4日（周四）15:00

單位：北京大學(xué)物理學(xué)院

地點：物理大樓中212報告廳

摘要:

鈉離子電池具有資源豐富、成本低等優(yōu)勢，將有望滿足大規(guī)模儲能對資源和成本的要求。層狀氧化物正極、硬碳負極等關(guān)鍵材料及其界面性質(zhì)是決定鈉離子電池能量密度、循環(huán)壽命及成本的核心。然而，鈉離子較大的離子半徑及其較高的氧化還原電位，使層狀氧化物正極材料易發(fā)生不可逆相變及表/界面失穩(wěn)。硬碳負極也面臨儲鈉機制不清、首效低、倍率差等難題。針對上述問題，我們從局域電子結(jié)構(gòu)與材料微結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控出發(fā)，有效優(yōu)化了層狀氧化物材料的相變路徑及硬碳的孔結(jié)構(gòu)，開發(fā)出系列高性能的正、負極材料，并闡明材料結(jié)構(gòu)與電池性能的構(gòu)效關(guān)系；調(diào)控電解液的溶劑化結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)計開發(fā)了多種功能性電解液，提升了全電池的溫度適應(yīng)性與安全性能；開展鈉離子電池的產(chǎn)業(yè)化中試驗證，成功構(gòu)筑了具有優(yōu)異循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性及安全性能的大容量鈉離子電芯。

報告人簡介:

李福軍，南開大學(xué)教授、博士生導(dǎo)師，獲國家杰出青年科學(xué)基金、國家優(yōu)秀青年科學(xué)基金、以及中國電化學(xué)青年獎；入選科睿唯安2025年度全球高被引學(xué)者。主要從事低成本長壽命鈉離子儲能電池正、負極關(guān)鍵材料、功能電解液和鈉離子電芯等研究工作，部分成果正在進行科研轉(zhuǎn)化。在Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Nat. Commun., Adv. Mater.等國際學(xué)術(shù)期刊發(fā)表論文120余篇。申請中國發(fā)明專利40余項，其中授權(quán)20余項。承擔國家重點研發(fā)計劃課題、國家自然科學(xué)基金委杰出青年基金、國際及地區(qū)合作重點、JKW重點等項目10余項。擔任eScience Energy期刊主編，Rare Metals和Molecules期刊編委，主編《二次電池科學(xué)與技術(shù)》教材1部。

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報告人：Hongping Deng，中國科學(xué)院上海天文臺

時間：6月4日（周四）15:30

單位：北京大學(xué)物理學(xué)院

地點：KIAA-auditorium

摘要:

Accretion disks are the engines of the universe, fueling everything from newborn stars to supermassive black holes. While often modeled as simple, flat, circular rings, real disks are rarely so well-behaved. They are frequently born with misalignments or eccentricities and are prone to internal instabilities that break their symmetry. In this talk, I will explore the 'non-traditional' side of disk dynamics. We will discuss how magnetic fields influence spiral density waves in gravitationally unstable disks and how 'warped' disks can either generate internal turbulence or violently break apart. Finally, I will show why eccentric disks don't always circularize; instead, they can pile up highly eccentric flow at their inner edges. Their asymmetric structures offer a compelling new physical model for understanding the complex emission and variability we see in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN).

報告人簡介:

Dr. Hongping Deng is a Research Professor at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He previously served as a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at the University of Cambridge (2019–2021). He obtained his PhD in Astrophysics from the University of Zurich (2015–2019) and a BS in Physics from Tsinghua University (2010–2014). His research interests lie in theoretical and computational astrophysics, with a focus on astrophysical fluids.

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報告人：Philip J.W. Moll，Max-Planck-Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter

時間：6月4日（周四）16:00

單位：清華大學(xué)物理系

地點：物理樓天行報告廳

摘要：

Symmetry is a core guiding theme in condensed matter research, informing the search for novel materials with unusual response functions. It enforces certain response functions to vanish if they are incompatible with the symmetry of the crystal lattice. For example, centro-symmetry and electronic directionality, such as diode-like behavior, is fundamentally incompatible. While this is rigorously true for bulk response functions, mesoscopic shapes may change the effective symmetry group of the problem, and unlock functionality forbidden by symmetry in the bulk. With recent advances in 3D mesoscopic control of single crystal structures via focused ion beam machining, shape control emerges as a powerful design principle towards electronic functionality in quantum materials.

This principle is applied to 3D microstructures of crystalline bismuth, in which strongly quantizing magnetic fields push electric transport currents to the surface – replacing completely the electronic symmetry of its hexagonal unit cell by the designed shape. Shape control uncovers a 3D version of the quantum Hall effect, in which geometric edge currents encircle the device in the quantum limit. In the iron-based superconductor FeSe, an inversion symmetric material, strong superconducting diode effects can be designed, tuned and even inverted by shape control over the formation of nematic domains on the mesoscale. Lastly, in CoTa3S6, shape and magnetic field direction are found to conspire to reduce the symmetry, allowing an otherwise symmetry forbidden coupling between a nematic and a chiral magnetic order. These cases serve as an example for the emergent paradigm of 3D shape control over electronically active quantum materials.

報告人簡介：

Philip Moll is a director at the Max-Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Solids in Hamburg, Germany. His “microstructured quantum matter” department investigates electronic transport on mesoscopically shaped 3D crystals of quantum materials. Philip obtained his PhD in 2012 at ETH Zurich in the group of Bertram Batlogg, working on iron-based superconductors in high magnetic fields. He joined UC Berkeley to work with James Analytis on topological systems. In 2015, he was awarded an independent Max-Planck research group at the MPI for Chemical Physics of Solids. Working with Andy Mackenzie and Claudia Felser, he focused on mesoscopic phenomena in ultra-clean layered metals and electron hydrodynamics. Moving to EPFL in 2018 as a tenure-track assistant professor, he established a group in the materials science department working towards shape/size control of topological systems before moving to Hamburg in 2022. He was awarded the ETH Metal, the ABB award and the Swiss Microscopy Society award for his work in Switzerland. In 2018 he won the Nicholas Kurti Science prize, the APS fellowship in 2025 and was awarded multiple prestigious junior grants, such as two ERC projects and a Swiss National Science Foundation Professorship.

封面圖片來源：

https://interestingengineering.com/science/superconducting-dome-inside-nickelate

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