近日,廣東深圳的李女士反映,全家人頻繁生病,就醫(yī)卻始終查不出原因。直到近期遭遇連日降雨,她發(fā)現(xiàn)家中墻布出現(xiàn)霉斑,揭開后才發(fā)現(xiàn),整個屋子大面積發(fā)霉了。
Recurring health problems left a family in Shenzhen, Guangdong province, searching for answers for months, until days of heavy rainfall revealed hidden mold behind the wallpaper in their rented apartment.
李女士告訴記者,起初房東不愿配合揭開墻布,除霉師傅上門查看后表示,這些霉斑已存在很久。
意識到房屋存在嚴(yán)重健康隱患后,李女士一家趕緊搬離。
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李女士表示,房東得知此事后,拒絕退還剩余的8300元房租押金,稱如果堅持退錢,需承擔(dān)除霉費用。隨后,李女士將此事投訴至12345熱線。
在街道和社區(qū)組織的協(xié)商下,房東最終同意退還押金和一部分房租共7700余元。
The tenant, surnamed Li, said the landlord refused to return her 8,300 yuan security deposit, insisting that she first pay for mold removal. After she filed complaints through the government's 12345 public service hotline and sought mediation from the local community, the landlord eventually agreed to refund more than 7,700 yuan, including part of the rent.
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霉菌對身體的危害不可忽視
霉菌是一種特殊的真菌,能夠引起霉變反應(yīng)。霉菌有數(shù)萬種,其中有30種左右寄居在家里。正常情況下,霉菌是肉眼看不到的,如果在環(huán)境中能夠看到,說明這里的霉菌很多。
家里出現(xiàn)霉點不僅影響美觀,還對人體呼吸系統(tǒng)、內(nèi)臟器官等有潛在威脅。
▌侵入肺部
曲霉菌菌絲入侵肺部的感染是肺曲霉菌病中最常見,也最嚴(yán)重的情況。尤其是如果還存在慢性肺病情況可能會更糟糕。發(fā)病時會表現(xiàn)出發(fā)熱、干咳、咯血、胸痛、呼吸困難等癥狀。
One of the most serious illnesses associated with mold exposure is pulmonary aspergillosis, a lung infection caused by Aspergillus fungi. People with weakened immune systems or chronic lung disease are at higher risk. Symptoms may include fever, a persistent dry cough, coughing up blood, chest pain and shortness of breath.
▌引發(fā)炎癥
除了可以直接感染肺部,曲霉菌的孢子還是強(qiáng)過敏原,引發(fā)過敏性支氣管炎。還可能出現(xiàn)一些常見的過敏反應(yīng),如鼻炎、過敏性皮炎等。
▌導(dǎo)致癌癥
曲霉菌中大名鼎鼎的黃曲霉菌,還能產(chǎn)生致癌物質(zhì)黃曲霉毒素。黃曲霉毒素的危害性在于對人及動物肝臟組織有破壞作用,嚴(yán)重時可導(dǎo)致肝癌甚至死亡。
Some species of Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus flavus, can produce aflatoxins under certain conditions. Long-term exposure to aflatoxins has been linked to an increased risk of liver cancer, while acute poisoning from high levels can be life-threatening.
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霉菌通常“藏”在哪些地方?
基于霉菌的生存條件,家里這些地方更容易藏匿霉菌:
?衛(wèi)生間及浴室
衛(wèi)生間的墻角、瓷磚縫、水龍頭、浴室簾子、浴室密封膠等處,都可能出現(xiàn)霉菌。
建議:加裝并使用排風(fēng)扇;洗澡后,用水將浴缸和墻壁刷洗干凈;及時拖干地面水漬,保持衛(wèi)生間干燥衛(wèi)生。
?冰箱
冰箱的密封條容易滋生一種叫鏈格孢的霉菌,它能引發(fā)吸入性過敏。帶土的蔬菜放在冰箱里,泥土中所含的霉菌也可隨空氣循環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)移到其他食材上。
建議:定期清洗冰箱,尤其注意擦洗密封條,平時生熟食物分開放。
Refrigerator door seals are a common place for mold to grow, while unwashed vegetables carrying soil may introduce mold spores that can spread to other foods. Regularly clean your refrigerator, paying special attention to the rubber seals, and store raw and cooked foods separately to reduce the risk of contamination.
?洗衣機(jī)
洗好的衣服不及時取出、用完洗衣機(jī)就把蓋子扣上等習(xí)慣,給了霉菌繁殖的好機(jī)會。
建議:定期清潔洗衣機(jī)內(nèi)筒,尤其梅雨季,可以用專門的清洗劑給內(nèi)筒消毒。
?菜板
很多家庭會選用木制或竹制的菜板,若清洗不到位,易發(fā)霉。
建議:菜板、鍋具、碗碟等清洗后,及時擦干。做完飯后,盡快清理廚余垃圾。
?臥室及陽臺
很多家庭會在陽臺養(yǎng)花、晾衣服,所以陽臺的邊邊角角易滋生霉菌;另外,人體出汗,若不注意通風(fēng)和晾曬,床墊等寢具也易發(fā)霉。
建議:開啟空調(diào)除濕模式,多曬被子,通風(fēng)換氣。
Balconies, especially those used for growing plants or drying clothes, are also prone to mold because of higher humidity. Mattresses may develop mold if moisture builds up over time, so using a dehumidifier when needed, airing or sun-drying bedding regularly, and keeping rooms well ventilated can help prevent mold growth.
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家里出現(xiàn)霉菌如何清除?
霉菌通常可通過高溫(水溫 80℃ 以上、陽光暴曬等)、按說明書配 84 消毒液等方式殺滅。需要注意的是,84 消毒液不要和潔廁靈等清潔劑混用。
對于墻體發(fā)霉,如果霉點不嚴(yán)重,可用抹布直接擦掉,也可用漂白水噴霧(有顏色的墻面慎用);如為墻紙,不能用水擦,要用布浸點酒精抹拭。
需要提醒的是,在進(jìn)行除霉操作時,最好佩戴手套、口罩,并開窗通風(fēng)。
For small patches of mold on walls, use an appropriate mold-removal product or a diluted bleach solution where suitable, but avoid using bleach on painted surfaces. For wallpaper, wipe the affected area with a cloth dampened with alcohol rather than water.
Always wear gloves and a mask while cleaning mold, and keep windows open to ensure good ventilation.
來源:人民日報微信 深圳廣播電視臺都市頻道《第一現(xiàn)場》 九派新聞 科普中國
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