震后兩小時(shí)出生，取名“震生”，他守護(hù)截癱幸存者25年

1976年7月28日凌晨，一場(chǎng)7.8級(jí)大地震襲擊河北唐山，造成24萬(wàn)多人遇難，3817人終身截癱。

The 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck Tangshan, an industrial city in North China's Hebei province, on July 28 at 3:42 am, claimed more than 240,000 lives, injured over 160,000 people, and left 3,817 survivors paralyzed.

唐山地震遺址紀(jì)念公園內(nèi)的唐山大地震罹難者紀(jì)念墻（王敬 攝）

震后兩小時(shí)，一個(gè)男嬰在臨時(shí)搭建的醫(yī)療帳篷里出生。父母給他取名“震生”，寓意震后新生。今天，正值唐山大地震50周年。當(dāng)年的嬰兒如今已在唐山市截癱療養(yǎng)院工作25年，現(xiàn)任院長(zhǎng)。而他守護(hù)的，正是那些在地震中幸存下來(lái)、卻終身失去行走能力的人。

如今，療養(yǎng)院里仍生活著130多位唐山大地震截癱幸存者。半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，這里見(jiàn)證了他們重新學(xué)習(xí)生活、尋找人生方向，也陪伴他們一步步走進(jìn)老年。

Born in an emergency medical team's field tent just two hours after the earthquake struck, Yang Zhensheng's destiny was bound to the tragedy.

His parents named him Zhensheng, which literally means "born after the earthquake", and in 2001, he started working at the Tangshan Paraplegic Rehabilitation Center.

唐山地震遺址紀(jì)念公園內(nèi)的唐山機(jī)車(chē)車(chē)輛廠鑄鋼車(chē)間地震遺址（王敬 攝）

“1976年面對(duì)這些高位截癱患者時(shí)，困難是雙重的，一個(gè)在技術(shù)上，一個(gè)在心理上。”楊震生回憶說(shuō)。“技術(shù)上的難，是‘白手起家’。當(dāng)時(shí)很多醫(yī)護(hù)人員幾乎沒(méi)有截癱康復(fù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，只能一邊學(xué)習(xí)、一邊摸索。更難的是‘人心’。很多休養(yǎng)員剛?cè)朐簳r(shí)萬(wàn)念俱灰，甚至有人試圖輕生。后來(lái)我們慢慢意識(shí)到，光治傷不行，得先‘救命’，讓他們重新燃起活下去的信念。”

在楊震生看來(lái)，療養(yǎng)院的意義，也從最初幫助傷員看到“一束光”，逐漸變成了陪伴他們走完人生的一座“燈塔”，始終為生命護(hù)航。

For a quarter of a century, Yang has witnessed the courage and determination that have enabled the survivors to endure.

"When the rehabilitation center first opened, many residents had lost not only the use of their legs, but also the courage to live," said Yang, who is now the center's director.

"We soon realized that treating injuries alone was not enough," he said. "Before helping them recover physically, we had to help them regain the confidence to live."

唐山截癱療養(yǎng)院內(nèi)，趙麗麗（左二）和同事指導(dǎo)休養(yǎng)員們做康復(fù)鍛煉。（王敬 攝）

69歲的高清峰，就是其中一位。1976年，19歲的他在地震中被倒塌的房屋壓傷脊柱。“當(dāng)時(shí)也不知道截癱了，就知道骨折了，也沒(méi)想到這輩子再也站不起來(lái)。”他說(shuō)，“那些時(shí)候比較痛苦。”

Gao Qingfeng, 69, is among the more than 130 survivors of the Tangshan earthquake who still live at the rehabilitation center.

Nineteen years old when the earthquake struck, Gao suffered a spinal cord injury after being trapped beneath the rubble.

"The hardest time was right after the earthquake," Gao recalled. "I didn't even know what paraplegia was. I never imagined I would spend the rest of my life this way."

唐山截癱療養(yǎng)院內(nèi)，高清峰在趙麗麗（左一）和同事的指導(dǎo)下做康復(fù)鍛煉。（王敬 攝）

1981年入住療養(yǎng)院后，他遇到了許多和自己有著相似經(jīng)歷的人，也開(kāi)始慢慢學(xué)著面對(duì)新的生活。如今，幾十年過(guò)去，他們每天一起唱歌、彈樂(lè)器、下棋、打牌。每一天都充實(shí)幸福地過(guò)去。

What eventually changed him was not a medical breakthrough. "When I moved into the rehabilitation center in 1981 and saw so many people living the same life, I no longer felt I was facing it alone," he said. "We trained together, lived together, and encouraged one another. Their companionship helped me gradually accept reality."

對(duì)于李冬梅來(lái)說(shuō)，療養(yǎng)院不僅幫助她恢復(fù)身體，更讓她重新找到了人生方向。13歲的她在地震中頭部重傷，昏迷了一個(gè)多月。1981年，她成為療養(yǎng)院首批入住的休養(yǎng)員之一。

1984年，全國(guó)第一屆殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)舉行的消息改變了她的人生。賽場(chǎng)上運(yùn)動(dòng)員奮力拼搏的身影，讓她第一次意識(shí)到，輪椅上的人生同樣可以擁有夢(mèng)想。

For Li Dongmei, the rehabilitation center restored her health and gave her a new direction in life. She was 13 when the earthquake left her with a severe head injury and permanent paralysis. In 1984, a video of China's first National Games for Persons with Disabilities changed everything.

“既然大地震重新塑造了另一個(gè)我，我就以另一個(gè)我重新屹立在這個(gè)世界上。我要重返賽場(chǎng)。”從那以后，她每天早飯前、午飯后都堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練。沒(méi)有專業(yè)手套，雙手磨出血泡也是常事；為了減少上廁所，她甚至訓(xùn)練時(shí)不敢喝水。

1987年，她代表河北隊(duì)參加第二屆全國(guó)殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。此后幾十年間，她多次參加國(guó)內(nèi)外賽事，獲得數(shù)十枚金牌。55歲時(shí)，她仍在河北省殘疾人運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上奪得三枚金牌。

如今，離開(kāi)賽場(chǎng)的李冬梅依然每天跟休養(yǎng)員們一起做操，學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)和唐山皮影，繼續(xù)充實(shí)著自己的生活。她說(shuō)：“雖然不能繼續(xù)參加體育比賽了，但我還能用另一種方式好好生活。”

"If the earthquake reshaped me into another person, then I will stand in this world again as that new person," she said. From then on, Li trained every day, enduring blistered hands and countless setbacks in pursuit of her dream.

唐山截癱療養(yǎng)院內(nèi)，李冬梅跟療養(yǎng)院醫(yī)務(wù)人員聊天。（王敬 攝）

如今，高清峰、李冬梅和他們的同伴，大多已步入70多歲。1998年進(jìn)入療養(yǎng)院工作的康復(fù)醫(yī)生趙麗麗，幾乎見(jiàn)證了他們?nèi)松暮蟀氤獭?/p>

“剛來(lái)的時(shí)候，他們大多還是中青年。”她說(shuō)，“早期康復(fù)主要是提高生活自理能力，現(xiàn)在他們都進(jìn)入了老年，康復(fù)更多是針對(duì)并發(fā)癥，盡量提高晚年的生活質(zhì)量。”

50年過(guò)去，這批地震截癱傷員陸續(xù)進(jìn)入老齡階段。長(zhǎng)期依靠輪椅生活，讓不少人出現(xiàn)骨質(zhì)疏松、肩周炎、肩袖損傷、泌尿系統(tǒng)感染等并發(fā)癥。曾經(jīng)幫助他們重新生活的康復(fù)訓(xùn)練，如今更重要的任務(wù)，是幫助他們盡可能延緩衰老，保持獨(dú)立生活能力。

唐山截癱療養(yǎng)院內(nèi)，休養(yǎng)員們跟隨康復(fù)團(tuán)隊(duì)做鍛煉。 （王敬 攝）

Zhao Lili, a rehabilitation physician, has watched that transition unfold. "When I first came here, most of them were still middle-aged," she said. "Back then, rehabilitation focused on helping them regain independence. Today, the priority is managing age-related complications and helping them maintain their quality of life."

但在她看來(lái)，晚年最大的挑戰(zhàn)，并不僅僅來(lái)自身體。不少幸存者終身未婚，或沒(méi)有子女。隨著父母離世、兄弟姐妹也漸漸老去，越來(lái)越多人開(kāi)始擔(dān)心：生病了誰(shuí)陪著去醫(yī)院？身體越來(lái)越差以后，又該由誰(shuí)照顧？

“陪伴之外，更重要的是當(dāng)他們遇到困難時(shí)，你能給他支持和幫助，讓他知道有一種外在的力量在托底。”趙麗麗說(shuō)，“我希望通過(guò)自己的工作，一路陪伴他們，盡可能減輕他們的痛苦，提高他們的生活質(zhì)量，讓他們的晚年活得更有尊嚴(yán)。”

As survivors have grown older, Zhao Lili said the challenge has become more than medical. "Many never married or had children. Others have watched their parents pass away, and their siblings grow old, leaving fewer people able to care for them," she said.

在楊震生看來(lái)，唐山市截癱療養(yǎng)院最大的意義，首先是對(duì)生命的承諾。

“3817名截癱傷員，在當(dāng)時(shí)世界范圍內(nèi)，這樣大規(guī)模的幸存者群體能夠整體存活下來(lái)，并且活出質(zhì)量，本身就是一個(gè)奇跡。這個(gè)奇跡不是靠什么高超的技術(shù)，而是靠黨和國(guó)家‘一個(gè)都不能少’的決心。”

他說(shuō)，療養(yǎng)院不僅是他們的家，這里是一座精神的豐碑，更是一座活的紀(jì)念館。它告訴后人，唐山大地震毀掉了城市，但毀不掉人心。

半個(gè)世紀(jì)過(guò)去，這份守護(hù)仍在延續(xù)。近年來(lái)，唐山市持續(xù)完善殘疾人關(guān)愛(ài)服務(wù)體系，目前已惠及全市11.3萬(wàn)名困難殘疾人和重度殘疾人，讓更多殘疾人持續(xù)享受到更加穩(wěn)定、更加便捷的保障。

Yang Zhensheng said the institution represents a promise carried across generations. "From the day it was established, it has embodied the Party and government's commitment to people affected by the disaster," he said.

"The survival of 3,817 people left paraplegic by the earthquake — and their ability to go on living meaningful lives — was itself extraordinary. That achievement did not come from one medical breakthrough. It came from a commitment that no one would be left behind."

唐山截癱療養(yǎng)院內(nèi)康復(fù)醫(yī)師趙麗麗在跟休養(yǎng)員聊天 （王敬 攝）

在防災(zāi)科技學(xué)院應(yīng)急技術(shù)與管理學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)、中國(guó)災(zāi)害防御協(xié)會(huì)地震應(yīng)急救援專業(yè)委員會(huì)副主任委員唐彥東看來(lái)，唐山五十年的實(shí)踐，最大的價(jià)值在于改變了人們對(duì)災(zāi)后恢復(fù)的理解。

“災(zāi)難的結(jié)束，只是長(zhǎng)期恢復(fù)的開(kāi)始。”他說(shuō)，唐山模式打破了救災(zāi)結(jié)束即“終點(diǎn)”的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)知，將災(zāi)后恢復(fù)從城市重建延伸到生命質(zhì)量和人格尊嚴(yán)，從短期救助延伸到覆蓋幸存者一生的長(zhǎng)期照護(hù)。今天，當(dāng)?shù)谝淮卣鹦掖嬲哧懤m(xù)步入老年，他們面臨的身體、心理、家庭和養(yǎng)老挑戰(zhàn)，也為未來(lái)災(zāi)害恢復(fù)提供了重要借鑒。

"The end of a disaster is only the beginning of long-term recovery," he said. Tangshan's experience has expanded the concept of post-disaster recovery beyond rebuilding cities to restoring quality of life and dignity, and beyond short-term relief to lifelong care for survivors.

五十年過(guò)去，廢墟早已遠(yuǎn)去，但對(duì)于這些幸存者來(lái)說(shuō)，真正值得銘記的，并不只是那一天，而是此后的每一天。

記者：鄭金冉

跟著China Daily

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